S POPE PAUL VI (1897-1978)

 Giovanni Battista Montini was born near Brescia in northern Italy. After ordination at the age of 23, Montini did graduate studies in literature, philosophy, 

    and canon law in Rome before he joined the Vatican Secretariat of State in 1924, where he worked for 30 years. He was also chaplain to the Federation of Italian Catholic 

    University Students. Fr. Montini was named Archbishop of Milan at the age of 57. He called himself the “Archbishop of the workers” and visited factories regularly while 

    overseeing the rebuilding of a local Church tremendously disrupted by World War II. In 1958, Montini was the first of 23 Cardinals named by Pope John XXIII, 

    two months after the latter’s election as Pope. Cardinal Montini helped in preparing Vatican II and participated enthusiastically in its first sessions. 

    When he was elected Pope in June 1963, he immediately decided to continue that Council, which had another three sessions before its conclusion on December 8, 1965. 

    The day before Vatican II concluded, Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras revoked the excommunications that their predecessors had made in 1054. 

    The Pope worked very hard to ensure that Bishops would approve the Council’s 16 documents by overwhelming majorities. Paul VI had stunned the world by visiting the Holy Land in 

    January 1964, and meeting Athenagoras, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in person. The Pope made eight more international trips, including one in 1965, 

    to visit New York City and speak on behalf of peace before the United Nations General Assembly. He also visited India, Columbia, Uganda, 

    and seven Asian countries during a 10-day tour. In 1965, he instituted the World Synod of Bishops, and the next year decreed that Bishops must offer their resignations 

    on reaching age 75. In 1970, he decided that Cardinals over 80 would no longer vote in papal conclaves or head the Holy See’s major offices. 

    He had increased the number of Cardinals significantly, giving many countries their first Cardinal. 

    Eventually establishing diplomatic relations between the Holy See and 40 countries, he also instituted a permanent observer mission at the United Nations in 1964. 

    Paul VI wrote seven encyclicals; his last one in 1968 on human life—Humanae Vitae—prohibited artificial birth control. Pope Paul VI died at Castel Gandolfo on August 6, 1978, 

    and was buried in St. Peter’s Basilica. He was beatified on October 19, 2014 and canonized on October 14, 2018 by Pope Francis.





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